Nature Research: science journals, jobs, information and services. Auditory Processing Disorder International Research. Action video games improve reading abilities and visual-to-auditory attentional shifting in English-speaking children with dyslexia. A mechanoelectrical mechanism for detection of sound envelopes in the hearing organ. Acoustic stimulus To investigate the mechanisms underlying envelope extraction, we used stimuli with systematically changing envelopes but identical amplitude spectrum.
To synthesize such sounds, three sine waves with equal amplitude and constant frequency separation were added: $$X\left( t \right) = A {\mathrm{sin}}\left( {2\pi f_1t} \right) + A {\mathrm{sin}}\left( {2\pi f_2t + \varphi } \right) + A {\mathrm{sin}}\left( {2\pi f_3t} \right)$$ $$f_2 = f_1 + f_{\mathrm{e}}$$ $$f_3 = f_1 + 2f_{\mathrm{e}}$$ Here, fe denotes the frequency difference between f1 and f2, φ is the phase of the center tone, A is the stimulus amplitude, and t is time. Acoustic stimuli. a Three tones with the same starting phase and identical frequency separation were added to produce the top blue waveform. The relative magnitude of the envelope fluctuations at fe and 2fe is plotted in Fig. 1b as a function of center-tone phase. Envelope responses of the human ear Organ of Corti electrical signals track the envelope. Assessing the impact of FOXP1 mutations on developmental verbal dyspraxia. European Journal of Human Genetics (2009) 17, 1354–1358; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.43; published online 8 April 2009 Top of page Abstract Neurodevelopmental disorders that disturb speech and language are highly heritable.
Isolation of the underlying genetic risk factors has been hampered by complexity of the phenotype and potentially large number of contributing genes. Auditory biological marker of concussion in children : Scientific Reports. We tested the hypothesis that concussions disrupt the neural processing of speech.
Children with a concussion exhibit a signature neural profile that distinguishes them from their non-concussed peers. This profile is manifest in the neural coding of a specific ingredient of sound: following a concussion, neural responses process the F0 of speech less robustly and are smaller, slower, and less accurate. The symptom load of an injury relates to this neural profile—concussed children with the highest symptom loads have the weakest responses to speech. We also show that the FFR reliably identifies which children sustained a concussion, suggesting its clinical potential as a biological marker of an injury. These findings are reinforced by partial recovery of F0-coding as concussion symptoms abate. Brief hearing loss disrupts binaural integration during two early critical periods of auditory cortex development : Nature Communications.
Defining the onset of hearing The maturation of cortical sound representations was characterized on a day-by-day basis for 1 week after the onset of hearing.
The analysis was based on recordings from 1,262 A1 units in 35 CBA/CaJ mice. Development of neural mechanisms for reading pdf. Deviations from the Expectable Environment in Early Childhood and Emerging Psychopathology. Differential contributions of the middle frontal gyrus functional connectivity to literacy and numeracy. Early auditory processing in musicians and dancers during a contemporary dance piece. From genes to behavior in developmental dyslexia : Article : Nature Neuroscience. Heritability of non-speech auditory processing skills.
Human olfactory-auditory integration requires phase synchrony between sensory cortices. Increased deficit of visual attention span with development in Chinese children with developmental dyslexia. Analyses of the scores from the control task on single-figure recognition A visual control task on single-figure recognition was adopted to examine whether the participants had sufficient efficiency in identifying an individual figure.
In search of biomarkers for autism: scientific, social and ethical challenges : Article : Nature Reviews Neuroscience. Network Science and the Effects of Music Preference on Functional Brain Connectivity: From Beethoven to Eminem. Neural indices of listening effort in noisy environments. 1.McGarrigle, R. et al.
Listening effort and fatigue: what exactly are we measuring? A British Society of Audiology Cognition in Hearing Special Interest Group ‘white paper’. Int. J. Neurotypical Peers are Less Willing to Interact with Those with Autism based on Thin Slice Judgments : Scientific Reports. Normal Development of Brain Circuits. Neuropsychopharmacology (2010) 35, 147–168; doi:10.1038/npp.2009.115; published online 30 September 2009 Top of page Neural circuits are arguably the primary supracellular mediators of the brain's diverse functional capacities.
A circuit typically refers to a set of interconnected components that together subserve a specific function. A neural circuit in the brain may be a cluster of neurons that receives electrochemical information that the circuit modifies and transmits to other circuits for further modification. Alternatively, a neural circuit may comprise a network of interconnected brain regions that together integrate vast amounts of information and perform more complicated cognitive and regulatory functions. The structure and function of neural circuits perpetually changes and evolves from the time of first contact between nerve cells. Early Gestational Events Establish a Framework for the Genesis of Neural Circuits Early Synapses in the Developing Brain. Pediatric Research - Sensory Processing in Autism: A Review of Neurophysiologic Findings. Parental perception of listening difficulties: an interaction between weaknesses in language processing and ability to sustain attention.
Word recognition and target identification Regardless of listening status (LiD or TLi), all participants correctly matched all target words with the corresponding picture/feature in the word recognition task, confirming that the vocabulary used in the continuous listening task was appropriate for both groups of children.
Six participants, 1 TLi and 5 LiD, missed the same targets in both the target identification and continuous listening tasks. The numbers of targets missed in both tasks by each participant, ranged from between 1–6 targets. These targets were excluded and appropriately accounted for when determining the percent targets missed for these children in the continuous listening task. Finally, both groups of participants provided correct responses to eight questions about the story (TLi: M = 7.4 SD = 1.0; LiD: M = 6.7 SD = 1.2), confirming they had listened to it, while doing the primary detection task.
Reading-induced shifts of perceptual speech representations in auditory cortex. Sensory Processing in Autism: A Review of Neurophysiologic Findings. Sound identity is represented robustly in auditory cortex during perceptual constancy. Perceptual constancy during vowel discrimination To establish a behavioral model of perceptual constancy, ferrets were trained in a two-choice task (Fig. 1a) to identify synthesized vowels.
Once animals were trained, vowels were varied in F0 (149 to 459 Hz), location (±90°), sound level (45 to 82.5 dB Sound Pressure Level [SPL]), or voicing (where vowels were generated to sound whispered and presented on 10 to 20% of trials as probe trials). Changes in these task-irrelevant, orthogonal dimensions produced different spectra while preserving the formant peaks in the spectral envelope (Fig. 1b) critical for vowel identification28. Sound Interferes with the Early Tactile Manual Abilities of Preterm Infants. Switch Attention to Listen. Task-Specific Balance Training Improves the Sensory Organisation of Balance Control in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Randomised Controlled Trial : Scientific Reports.
Study design This assessor-blinded, stratified, randomised, controlled clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02393404) in March 2015. The study protocol was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Hong Kong. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant and parent before the screening and data collection. All experimental procedures were carried out in accordance with the approved guidelines and Declaration of Helsinki for human experiments. Temporal processing in the auditory brainstem response by full-term 6-week- and 9-month-old infants. Participants Enrollment occurred in rural southeastern China in conjunction with a project on the brain and behavioral effects of early iron deficiency.
Only healthy infants without iron deficiency anemia (IDA) were used in this developmental ABR study. All infants met the following criteria: singleton full-term birth (37–42 weeks gestation) weighing > 2,500 grams; no prenatal complications or congenital anomalies; no general undernutrition (<10th percentile for weight or length); no acute or chronic illness, no multiple or prolonged hospitalizations (>5 days). ABR recordings were obtained during sleep for 125 infants at 6 weeks and 104 infants at 9 months. The sample for analysis consisted of 111 infants aged 6 weeks and 62 infants aged 9 months (see Table 1 for the sample characteristics and family background).
Informed written consent for participation in the study was obtained from the parents of all infants. ABR recording ABR scoring The ABR data were analyzed off-line. Results. The connectomes of males and females with autism spectrum disorder have significantly different white matter connectivity densities. Participants The study was undertaken as part of the Autism Center of Excellence (ACE) Program, which is funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Neuroimaging data were acquired at one of four sites: (1) the Center for Translational Developmental Neuroscience, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (73 subjects); (2) the Nelson Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (49 subjects); (3) the Center on Human Development & Disability, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (92 subjects); (4) Staglin IMHRO Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (73 subjects).
The research study was undertaken in agreement with US federal law (45 CFR 46) and was approved by the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) at each of the four institutions where human volunteer data were acquired. And. The rehabilitation of hemianopic dyslexia. Translational Psychiatry - 15q11.2 CNV affects cognitive, structural and functional correlates of dyslexia and dyscalculia. Citation: Translational Psychiatry (2017) 7, e1109; doi:10.1038/tp.2017.77Published online 25 April 2017 M O Ulfarsson1,2, G B Walters1, O Gustafsson1, S Steinberg1, A Silva3, O M Doyle4, M Brammer4, D F Gudbjartsson1,5, S Arnarsdottir1,6, G A Jonsdottir1, R S Gisladottir1, G Bjornsdottir1, H Helgason1,2, L M Ellingsen2, J G Halldorsson7, E Saemundsen7,8, B Stefansdottir1, L Jonsson1, V K Eiriksdottir1, G R Eiriksdottir1, G H Johannesdottir1, U Unnsteinsdottir1, B Jonsdottir9, B B Magnusdottir6,10, P Sulem1, U Thorsteinsdottir1,7, E Sigurdsson6,7, D Brandeis11,12, A Meyer-Lindenberg12, H Stefansson1 and K Stefansson1,7 Top of page Introduction Specific learning disorders, such as dyslexia (DLX) and dyscalculia (DC), are challenging phenotypes to disentangle.
Some rare copy number variants (CNVs) are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Materials and methods. Visual processing during natural reading : Scientific Reports.