Shell shock
Taken in an Australian dressing station near Ypres, Belgium in 1917. The wounded soldier in the lower left of the photo has a dazed thousand-yard stare, a frequent symptom of "shell-shock". Shell shock is the reaction of some soldiers in World War I to the trauma of battle. It is a reaction to the intensity of the bombardment and fighting that produced a helplessness appearing variously as panic and being scared, or flight, an inability to reason, sleep, walk or talk. "Simply put, after even the most obedient soldier had enough shells rain down on him, without any means of fighting back, he often lost all self control During the War, the concept of shell shock was ill-defined. In World War II and thereafter, diagnosis of "shell shock" was replaced by that of combat stress reaction, a similar but not identical response to the trauma of warfare. Origin[edit] The number of shell shock cases grew during 1915 and 1916 but it remained poorly understood medically and psychologically. Acute[edit]
The Concept of Anxiety
1844 philosophical work by Søren Kierkegaard All of Kierkegaard's books have either a preface, dedication, or prayer at the beginning. This book includes a lengthy introduction. The Concept of Anxiety was published on exactly the same date as Prefaces, June 17, 1844. Both books deal with Hegel's idea of mediation. Mediation is a common thread throughout Kierkegaard's works. For Kierkegaard, anxiety/dread/angst is "freedom's actuality as the possibility of possibility." Kierkegaard focuses on the first anxiety experienced by man: Adam's choice to eat from God's forbidden tree of knowledge or not. However, Kierkegaard mentions that anxiety is a way for humanity to be saved as well. Progress[edit] In 1793, forty-one years before Kierkegaard wrote The Concept of Anxiety, Immanuel Kant wrote his book Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone; his book elevated reason in the realm of Christianity.[6] Many continental philosophers wrote their books in relation to Kant's ideas. Anxiety[edit]
Body-focused repetitive behavior
Body-Focused Repetitive Behavior (BFRB) is an umbrella name for impulse control[1] behaviors involving compulsively damaging one's physical appearance or causing physical injury.[2] The main BFRB disorders are:[3] Trichotillomania, compulsive hair pullingOnychophagia, compulsive nail bitingDermatillomania, compulsive skin pickingTrichotemnomania, compulsive hair cutting BFRB disorders can also include Dermatophagia (compulsive skin biting), biting the insides of the cheeks, lip picking, blemish squeezing, and Rhinotillexomania (compulsive nose picking).[2] BFRB disorders are not generally considered obsessive-compulsive disorders.[3] Causes[edit] The cause of BFRBs is unknown. Onset[edit] BFRBs most often begin in late childhood or in the early teens.[2] Prevalence[edit] Treatment[edit] Treatment can include behavior modification therapy, medication, and family therapy.[1][2] See also[edit] References[edit] Notes
Achieve - Hipster (1940s subculture)
Bing Crosby in 1942 In 1939, the word hepster was used by Cab Calloway in the title of his Hepster's Dictionary, which defines hep cat as "a guy who knows all the answers, understands jive". In 1944, pianist Harry Gibson modified this to hipster[2] in his short glossary "For Characters Who Don't Dig Jive Talk," published in 1944 with the album Boogie Woogie In Blue, featuring the self-titled hit "Handsome Harry the Hipster".[3] The entry for hipsters defined them as "characters who like hot jazz." In his book Jazz: A History (1977), Frank Tirro defines the 1940s hipster: To the hipster, Bird was a living justification of their philosophy. The hipster is an underground man. Marty Jezer, in The Dark Ages: Life in the United States 1945–1960 (1999), provides another definition: In Lennie Tristano's view, the hipsters' relation to bebop was anything but positive: "the supercilious attitude and lack of originality of the young hipsters constitute no less a menace to the existence of bebop
Posters & Worksheets - Claire Newton
In my assertiveness course, “How to Stand up for Yourself Without Standing on Others”, I show that of the five communication styles – assertive, aggressive, passive-aggressive, manipulative and submissive – the assertive style is the one we should be striving to use most of the time, because with this style you: Treat both yourself and others with respect and so gain respect in returnAre more productive, because you waste less energy on anger, frustration and anxietyAre more effective, because you don’t have to resort to aggression, sarcasm or deviousnessWill experience less depression, anxiety and stress, but greater self-esteem, self-acceptance and confidence. This poster is an affirmation that you are being assertive. Download
Film Review: Shutter Island | FilmBook
Lets start from the ending of Shutter Island and work forward shall we as that was most-likely how the book was written and where the best part of this film adaptation can be found. Shutter Island’s plot elements, thanks to its source material, are probably the best American plot points for a film this year. Unfortunately, their presentation was merely adequate wherein if it had been superb, the film would be a shoe in come Oscar night. What follows are spoilers. The greatest asset to Shutter Island is its last twenty-five minutes, its grand reveal. All the pieces fall into place, especially upon multiple viewings. Some of the pieces stretch the imagination but this may be because of the medium they are presented on. At the end of the film, the viewer finds out that U.S. Moving backward to the beginning of the film, the Mess Hall interview sequences are two of the most memorable scenes in Shutter Island. Ms. U.S. Seeing U.S. Robbie Richarsdson’s musical score for the film was top notch.
Alexithymia
Alexithymia /ˌeɪlɛksəˈθaɪmiə/ is a personality construct characterized by the subclinical inability to identify and describe emotions in the self.[1] The core characteristics of alexithymia are marked dysfunction in emotional awareness, social attachment, and interpersonal relating.[2] Furthermore, people with alexithymia have difficulty in distinguishing and appreciating the emotions of others, which is thought to lead to unempathic and ineffective emotional responding.[2] Alexithymia occurs in approximately 10% of the population and can occur with a number of psychiatric conditions.[3] The term alexithymia was coined by psychotherapist Peter Sifneos in 1973.[4][5] The word comes from Greek α (a, "no", the negating alpha privative), λέξις (léxis, "word"), and θυμός (thymos, "emotions", but understood by Sifneos as having the meaning "mood"),[6] literally meaning "no words for mood". Classification[edit] Alexithymia is defined by:[10] Psychologist R. Description[edit] Causes[edit]
Behavior modification
Description[edit] The first use of the term behavior modification appears to have been by Edward Thorndike in 1911. His article Provisional Laws of Acquired Behavior or Learning makes frequent use of the term "modifying behavior".[1] Through early research in the 1940s and the 1950s the term was used by Joseph Wolpe's research group.[2] The experimental tradition in clinical psychology[3] used it to refer to psycho-therapeutic techniques derived from empirical research. It has since come to refer mainly to techniques for increasing adaptive behavior through reinforcement and decreasing maladaptive behavior through extinction or punishment (with emphasis on the former). Martin and Pear indicate that there are seven characteristics to behavior modification,[4] They are: Some areas of effectiveness[edit] In addition to the above, a growing list of research-based interventions from the behavioral paradigm exist. Behavior modification in job performance[edit] Criticism[edit] See also[edit]
